According to sunglassestracker.com, the Patrimonium sancti Petri before the recuperationes corresponded to the Byzantine duchy of Rome, over which the popes began to exercise exclusively the “concrete rights linked to sovereignty” (Toubert, 1987, p. 155), starting from the moment in which, Ravenna in the hands of the Lombards, there was no longer a duke in Rome, without the Frankish sovereigns and the false ‘donation of Constantine’ intervening in any way. At the time of Dante this original nucleus of the Papal States was divided into the following provinces: N of the Tiber, the patrimony of s. Pietro in Tuscia, corresponding to the current prov. of Viterbo, with the addition of Civitavecchia (today prov. Rome) and Orvieto today Umbrian (prov. Terni); E of the Tiber, the Sabina; to the South of the Tiber, the Campagna-Marittima, which, at a certain moment not well specified, would have split in two., as opposed to Langobardia. The Marca d’Ancona, corresponding in part to the ancient Pentapolis mentioned by Paolo Diacono, was created in 1090 ca. by Henry IV as a feudal district; it had been claimed by the papacy as part of the recovery policy and formally passed under the government of the Church in 1273, but only from the 1950s. 14 ° (legation of Cardinal Egidio Albornoz) this possession became effective, as, moreover, was the case also of the Duchy of Spoleto and Romagna (Waley, 1987).The term Apulia, as it has been decoded here, expressed the strong unitary imprint that the successive Norman, Swabian and, from 1266, Angevin denominations had imprinted on the continental South, erasing, at least for Dante, the toponymic traces of the previous Longobard and Byzantine dominations. The latter had affected the current regions of Campania, Basilicata, Puglia and Calabria in different forms and to varying degrees depending on the times. more than real Byzantine domination we can speak – limited to the coastal area (the hinterland was Lombard) and with the exclusion of Salerno, also Lombard -, from the end of the century. 8 ° onwards, of only theoretical sovereignty (except for brief parentheses) or, better, of an area of ​​Byzantine political-economic influence. This is true, up to the submission to Roger II (1139), for the Duchy of Naples, and for those of Amalfi and Gaeta, which, having become autonomous from it during the second half of the century. 9 °, they submitted to the Normans, respectively, in 1073 and 1064. peninsular, the Byzantine presence, in the century. 8th and in the first half of the 9th, under Lombard and then Frankish pressure, it was reduced to a minimum, until it was limited to the tip of the boot (now no longer Brutii, but Calabria) and the Terra d’Otranto, both exposed to the incursions, which sometimes resulted in more or less lasting settlements, of the Aghlabids of Ifrīqiya, even before, starting from 827, they started the stable conquest of Sicily, up to then Byzantine theme. The situation changed at the beginning of the eighties of the century. 9th, with Basilio I (867-886), first ruler of the Macedonian dynasty who returned to the empire almost all of Calabria, Taranto and a large part of the principality of Benevento. In Puglia, the theme of Longobardia was established, with Bari as its capital, and Calabria, which had hitherto been part of the Sicily theme, was in turn erected in a separate theme, with Reggio as its capital. Later, perhaps in the second half of the century. 10 ° (but the first sure attestation is of 1042), the theme of Lucania was established. Also in the second half of the century. 10 ° (first attestation in 970), the three themes (if there were already three) were unified in the ‘catepanato d’I.’, With Bari as capital. Already at the time of Frederick II, the current prov. of Foggia was one of the nine provinces of the kingdom of Sicily, called Capitanata, a name that derives from catepanato. To the Byzantine domination in the Italy southern certainly also refers to the name of Basilicata, which in 1932 was replaced with that of Lucania, thus intending to restore the name of a province of ancient Rome. It was not known, then, that the name Lucania had also characterized, in more recent times, a Byzantine theme, which, moreover, was not yet known to the constituents, who took care in 1947 to restore the old name of Basilicata. To the Byzantine domination in the Italy southern certainly also refers to the name of Basilicata, which in 1932 was replaced with that of Lucania, thus intending to restore the name of a province of ancient Rome. It was not known, then, that the name Lucania had also characterized, in more recent times, a Byzantine theme, which, moreover, was not yet known to the constituents, who took care in 1947 to restore the old name of Basilicata. To the Byzantine domination in the Italy southern certainly also refers to the name of Basilicata, which in 1932 was replaced with that of Lucania, thus intending to restore the name of a province of ancient Rome. It was not known, then, that the name Lucania had also characterized, in more recent times, a Byzantine theme, which, moreover, was not yet known to the constituents, who took care in 1947 to restore the old name of Basilicata.